5/4/2008
Drive Right Chapter 9 Study Guide
| What two factors can make city driving difficult? | 1. Traffic is more dense in urban areas than it is in rural areas. There are more cars, buses, trucks, and pedestrians per mile. 2. City traffic hazards are closer to you than they are in rural areas. Those hazards can quickly block your path. |
| City roads have the ______ number and variety of hazards. | Highest. |
| If you cannot increase the distance between your vehicle and a hazard, you must… | Change your lane position, slow, or stop to give yourself time to solve the conflict. |
| How can you best use the IPDE Process in city driving? | 1. Identify – Be vigorous in using your visual skills. “Aim high” and look well ahead to your target area. Check your searching ranges to make sure your front zone is open and you have time to spot things like a line-of-sight restriction. 2. Predict – Predict possible points of conflict quickly and gain valuable time to respond. 3. Decide – Always be ready to communicate or adjust your vehicle position by changing speed and/or using distance effectively. 4. Execute – Be ready to use your vehicle’s controls to make smooth low-risk maneuvers in traffic. |
| What steps should you follow to measure your 3-second following distance? | 1. Pick a fixed checkpoint on the road ahead. Road marks or shadows make good fixed checkpoints. 2. When the vehicle ahead of you passes your checkpoint, count: “one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two, one-thousand-three,” for your 3-second count. 3. Now , check to see that your vehicle is still short of your fixed checkpoint. If not, slow and add more distance. |
| In what situations should you maintain extra distance? | · You are just leaning to drive. Your ability to use the IPDE Process is not yet fully developed. · A tailgating driver has closed your rear zone · You are approaching a line-of-site restriction. · Traction is low. · You are carrying a heavy load or pulling a trailer. · The driver ahead seems unsure. · You are following a motorcycle. |
| What are the three high-risk areas where closed zones and sudden stops can happen? | · Intersections where drivers may have to stop for traffic or pedestrians · Lanes next to parked vehicles · Business driveways with high-volume traffic |
| What three steps should you follow to prevent making the mistake of looking away from the road at a bad time? | · Make sure the zone ahead is stable and open. If you are following another vehicle, increase your following distance to more than three seconds. · Lower your speed even further when you have line-of-sight restrictions. · Keep your eyes moving; take split-second glances rather than one long look. · If you have a passenger, ask that person to look for an address. |
| What is a tailgater? | A person who follows you too closely/ |
| How should you manage a tailgater? | · Increase your following distance to at least four seconds. Imagine you are driving the yellow car in the picture above. You have identified the tailgating driver and determined your rear zone is closed. By using a following distance of at least four seconds, you have increased your space cushion from the vehicle ahead. If you must slow or stop, you can do it more slowly and give the tailgater more time to respond. · Move slightly to the right. · Signal early for turns, stops, and lane changes. Flash your brake lights ahead of time to warn a tailgater that you plan to slow or stop. Slow sooner to make a gradual stop. · In extreme situations, change lanes, or pull out of traffic to avoid the tailgater. To reduce stress and risk, your best defense is to avoid tailgating. |
| What are the reasons for which a driver might cross into your path of travel? | · Driver Impairment – A driver might be drowsy, distracted, confused, intoxicated, or ill. · Poor Judgment – A driver might misjudge speed, distance, or position. · Poor Visibility – Direct sunlight, blinding headlights, or bad weather can reduce a driver’s ability to see. · Reduce Space – A snow bank, narrow bridge, or an object in or near the road might force a driver across the center line. · Sudden Moves by Others – Children, bicycles, pedestrians, animals, or a vehicle door opening can force a driver to make a last-second move. · Vehicle Failure – A driver might lose control of a vehicle due to mechanical failure. · Turning Buses and Trucks – Long vehicles need extra room just to make normal turns. Vehicles pulling trailers can create the same situation. · Double-Parked Vehicles – Drivers or delivery driver may park carelessly and close your front zone. |
| What actions can you take to avoid a collision? | · Slow until the other driver can return to the normal lane. You can also slow so that you meet the other drive at a point where there is room to pass. · Turn on or flash your headlights and blow your horn. · If your right-front zone is open, move to the right to give the oncoming driver more room. Swerve sharply to an open space on the right if needed. |
| Should you speed up to get through a green light before it changes? | No. |
| What does it mean to Cover the Brake? | This means to take your foot off the accelerator and hold it over the brake. You can use this technique whenever you sense a possible conflict. This could cut down your reaction time and help you avoid a collision. |
| What does it mean to Ride the Brake? | This means to rest your foot on the brake pedal. When you do this, your brakes heat up and wear faster. Also, your brake lights will stay on, confusing the drivers around you. Don’t do this. |
| What techniques should you use to select your best driving speed? | · Drive with the traffic flow. · Stay within the speed limit. · Adjust speed and position ahead of time for other drivers who might block the way. |
| What are the steps for changing lanes? | 1. Use your mirrors to check traffic in your rear zones. 2. Signal your lane change early. 3. Quickly check your blind-spot area. 4. Change lanes without slowing. 5. Cancel your signal. Repeat this procedure if you need to change more than one lane. |
| How can you identify a one-way street? | · ONE WAY signs are posted on most one-way streets. · All moving traffic and parked vehicles point in the same direction. · Broken white lines are used to separate lanes. · Most traffic signs will be facing the same direction. If you are driving on a street and the signs are facing the other way, you probably are going the wrong way on a one-way street. |
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