French and Indian War Study Guide

Jake
11/19/2007

French and Indian War Study Guide

What major event created the need for the Albany Plan of Union, and why?	The Deerfield Massacre in Massachusetts, which was in 1704. It created the kind of angst that the colonists in New England started to feel regarding the Native Americans. It’s not exactly a direct cause, but it generates the attitude that something has to be done. France is intimidating to the vulnerable English colonies. So now there are two threats, French and Indian. Will they join forces? Everyone knows that the British will fight the French here, but where will the Native Americans be in all of this? They had to meet to decide all of these things.
Who was responsible for the Albany Plan of Union?	Benjamin Franklin.
When did the Albany Plan of Union take place?	1754.
Which Native American nation was the only Pro-British group in America?	The Iroquois.
What did they model themselves after, and why?	The Iroquois confederacy, because the Iroquois were used to having their six disparate groups meet together to solve problems.
Why did the Albany Congress meet?	To discuss Native American affairs and colonial defense.
How did the Albany Congress propose to fund their central government?	They proposed that each colony pay a tax contribution for the defense and government,
How many colonies showed up?	Only seven (Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island).
What were the five proposals made by the congress?	1. Regulate colonial business with Native Americans 2. Control colonial army 3. Manage public lands 4. Pass laws for general good 5. Levy colonial taxes for defense
What was the outcome of the congress?	It was a complete failure.
How many councilmen were on the proposed council?	48.
Why did it fail?	· The colonies didn’t want a central government. They had different currencies, trade policies, border disputes, ways of self-governing, temperaments, tax policies, levels of maturity, constitutions…They considered themselves different British nations. Even those who attended the meeting were slightly taken aback by the want for a central government. · Colonies didn’t share the same sense of urgency · Colonies didn’t want to be taxed by another colony · The British didn’t support this framework. They didn’t want the children ganging up on the parents. If the ‘kiddies’ start coming together, they may grow up and decide to move out.
Who was on what side in the French and Indian war?	French and Indians Vs. British and Americans
What were some causes of the French and Indian war?	· The disputed area: Ohio Country · England and France were in a World War · American expansion into the west · Minor – France’s design on Maryland (France had its eyes on that one colony because it was Catholic, and so was France.)
When did the Battle at the Great Meadows take place, and why was it important?	In 1754, in the battle at the Great Meadows, George Washington started the French and Indian War.
What important event happened on June 9, 1755?	Braddock’s defeat near Fort Duquesne – George Washington is an abject failure.
Who takes over in 1757, and what is his strategy?	William Pitt, and his strategy was to take over Canada by cutting off the supply lines that lead into Ohio country.
What was the turning point in this war, and when was it?	August 27, 1758 – Battle of Fort Niagara.
What happened on November 25, 1758?	The retaking of Fort Duquesne. The fort is renamed Fort Pitt, and it and the surrounding area later became Pittsburgh.
Where was the Battle of Quebec, which happened on September 12-18, 1759?	The Plains of Abraham, a plateau slightly below the city of Quebec.
When was the Treaty of Paris?	1763.
What were the five results of the Treaty of Paris?	1. Britain gets Canada 2. Britain gets all land east of the Mississippi 3. Britain gets Florida from Spain 4. Spain gets all land west of the Mississippi river 5. Native Americans live between Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi river