How is the atomic weight of an atom determined?
By finding the sum of the weight of the protons and the neutrons in the nucleus of the atom
Describe the arrangement of chemical elements in the period table. What is the difference between a period and a group?
The elements are arranged in ascending order in rows and columns according to their atomic number. An element’s position in the table also provides information about the structure of the atom. Periods are the rows whereas the groups are the columns in the periodic table. Periods are organized by number of electron shells. All element found within the same group have the same number of valence electrons.
What is the difference between an atom and an ion?
Ions have either a negative or positive electrical charge whereas ions have a neutral charge.
How are molecules different than ions or atoms?
Molecules are groups of atoms, which have neutral charges whereas ions have an electrical charge (negative or positive).
What is an isotope?
Atoms having a different number of neutrons in their nucleus.
What are the basic components of an atom?
Nucleus, subatomic particles, energy fields, atomic mass
What does inert mean?
Means that an element has filled valence shells
How many electrons can electron shell P hold? Use the formula 2n2 to answer the question.
72
Describe ionic bonding. Give an example of materials based on ionic bonding.
When atoms of incomplete valence shells and nearly complete valence shells come close to each other, they will have a tendency to react in order to reach the lowest energy level. The atom with the incomplete valence shell is willing to “give” its valence electrons to the atom with the nearly complete valence shell. Ionic bonding occurs when this happens.
Ceramic materials.
In which chemical bonding method is an “electron cloud” formed?
Metallic bonding
Explain the difference between a cation and anion.
Cation – positive electrical charged atom
Anion – negative electrical charged atom
What does the term amorphous mean? Give an example of an amorphous material.
Amorphous means having no definite form. An example of an amorphous material is glass.
List three common unit cell geometric shapes.
Body centered cubic, face centered cubic, close packed hexagonal
To what does the term polymorph or polymorphic refer?
Polymorph refers to materials that can make transformations in one direction
Define allotropic.
Materials that can make transformations in both directions are called allotropic
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